The toxic effects of heavy metals in landfill soils have become a significant concern for human health. The present study aimed to estimate the health and ecological risk associated with soil heavy metal in Tehran landfill. A total of 48 soil samples were taken from the landfill and residential area and were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed the following order for heavy metal levels in landfill soil: Al > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co > As > Cd. The investigated ecological indices showed moderate to high heavy metal pollution. The principal component analysis revealed that the concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni in the investigated soil was mainly affected by anthropogen

This study aimed to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks from heavy metals in five types of local and universal tobacco through inhalation exposure.The demographic and anthropometric data of 200 participants were investigated and the heavy metals concentrations in tobaccos were determined using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Due to the lower employment rate, the results showed females have a high tendency to consume tobacco.The order of heavy metals concentrations in tobaccos was Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Cd > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co. The sum of heavy metals concentration in Borazjani, Jaski, Lengehee, apple, and mint was 3553.80, 2372.62, 2197.31, 764.20, and 574.05 mg/kg, respectively. The Kr

The present study presents a highly efficient, visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) by a CuO/Fe2O3/ZnO composite, synthesized using a sol-gel combustion method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, EDX, DRS, TEM, and XPS techniques. The synthesized CuO/Fe2O3/ZnO catalyst was found to perform optimally at neutral pH and 0.04 g/L catalyst dosage, while H2O2 addition initiated further radical degradation pathways. HCO3- and NO3- in the water had a negative effect on BPA degradation, but SO42-, Cl- and PO43- demonstrated a significant increase in reaction kinetics, thus allowing a real-water application. Radical scavenger tests revealed that hydroxyl radicals and holes play the main role in BPA degra

In this work, an efficient VUV/Fe/PMS process was developed to degrade pharmaceutical compounds in contaminated waters. The effect of addition of low Fe (II) and PMS amounts individually and simultaneously was scrutinized for treating metformin (MET) as a model contaminant. Co-addition of 0.05 mg/L Fe (II) and 20 mg/L PMS to the bench-scale VUV photoreactor emitting both UV 254 and UV 185 photons, respectively, produced both H O∙ and S O 4•-which had a considerable synergistic effect (30%) for the degradation of MET. Furthermore, adding Fe (II) and PMS to the VUV photoreactor resulted to a decreased electrical energy consumption by 3.5 times. The optimum treatment pH was near neutral, while a high degree of MET oxidation was reached eve

A real crude oil-contaminated soil was treated using a two-step method: biosurfactant-assisted soil washing and the biostimulated biotreating of the effluent. The mixture of surfactin and rhamnolipid could enhance the TPH removal from an oil-contaminated soil (32?g/kg) in the soil washing operation. 86% of TPH was removed from the oil-contaminated soil in the soil washing operation under the mixed biosurfactant (surfactin + rhamnolipid) of 0.6?g/L, the soil/water ratio of 20 w/v%, the temperature of 30??C, and the washing time of 24?h, leaving an effluent containing 5028?mg/L TPH. The effluent was efficiently biotreated in the bioprocess with 5?g/L acclimate biomass daily stimulated with 0.1?mM H2O2, and the concentrtion of TPH decreased to

A natural, ferruginous material, Hormuz Red Soil (HRS), was used as a catalyst for decontamination and disinfection via PMS activation. The HRS was fully characterized (morphological, structural, chemical properties) and was mainly comprised of α-Fe 2 O 3. Complete degradation and 88.6% mineralization of Diclofenac (DCF) was achieved in the HRS/PMS process (10 mg/L HRS, 75 mg/L PMS) within 8 min at neutral pH, while sulfate and chloride did not inhibit the process. E. coli and Enterococcus sp. were rapidly inactivated in shorter timeframe than DCF. The rapid purification was attributed to S O 4∙-, less to 1 O 2 and almost insignificant H O∙ participation; the degradation mechanisms and transformation pathways were fully elucidated by s

Methods: A descriptive-analytical study in batch mode was performed on synthetic contaminated water samples made in the laboratory. In this study Fe2O3/ZnO catalyst was used to decompose BPA in the presence of visible light. Moreover, the effect of some parameters such as solution pH, catalyst dose, BPA concentration, and radical scavengers on removal efficiency was investigated. The catalystchr ('39') s decomposition kinetics and surface properties were also determined using XRD, SEM, DRS, EDX, and BET techniques.Results: BET analysis showed that the Fe2O3/ZnO catalystchr ('39') s surface area was 15.86 m2/g, and the band-gap was 2.7 eV. The highest BPA removal efficiency was obtained at neutral pH, which, considering the interpretation of

Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a WHO-accepted intervention method for improving water sources in developing countries. Despite its effectiveness, the limitations of long exposure and bacterial regrowth risk demand further improvement of the practice. In this work, we have generated an iron oxide film on the inner surface of PET bottles used in SODIS, to generate further pathways of solar-mediated inactivation, namely a semiconductor mode of action and controlled iron leaching in the system, which both have demonstrated bactericidal capacity. More specifically, in this Part 1, the deposition process using Fe salts has been scrutinized, assessing the use of various homogeneous Fe precursors (FeCl3, FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3), amounts of iron (0.5–

The present study investigates the novel advanced process of VUV/H2O2 for oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) known as an endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) which is released from the human and industrial activities. The effect of water pH, H2O2 and BPA concentrations, reaction time and presence of anions and scavengers were examined on the BPA degradation and mineralization in the VUV/H2O2 batch process. The optimum values of solution pH and H2O2/BPA mass ratio were found to be 3 and 4, respectively. The oxidation with hydroxyl radicals was the main mechanism involved in the BPA degradation. The rate of BPA degradation under optimum conditions observed to be increased from 20.5 to 50.8?mg/L.min when the BPA concentration was increased from 20

The enzyme-accelerated biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was investigated in a sequencing continuous-inflow reactor (SCR) at different operational parameters of H2O2/TPH ratio, initial TPH concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The optimum H2O2/TPH mass ratio was determined to be 0.35 at which the complete TPH removal of inlet TPH concentrations up to 4?g/L at HRT of 24?h, corresponding to the loading rate of 4?kg?TPH/m3.d, was attained. The average COD removal efficiency at this loading rate was 96.7%. With increasing the inlet TPH concentration from 1 to 2.5?g/L, the biomass bacterial activity as dehydrogenase activity (DHA) increased from 7.5 to 27.1?μg?TF/gbiomass.d and remained almost unchanged with furth

Acetaminophen (ACT) is widely used as an important antipyretic drug around the world and is frequently found in the water as an emerging contaminant. The focus of this study was on demonstrating the degradation and mineralization of ACT using the UVC/S2O82− process in a cylindrical photoreactor under different experimental conditions. The results indicated that the ACT degradation increased from 7% to 83% within 60?min when the solution pH was decreased from 10 to 3. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of ACT degradation at initial concentrations of 25, 50 and 100?mg/L in aqueous solution observed to be 1.20, 1.35 and 1.5?mg/L?min, respectively, at optimum solution pH of 3 and S2O82− dosage of 0.36?g/L. The mineralization degree of min

Materials and Methods: The effects of operational conditions including solution pH, NAC concentration, metolachlor initial concentration and contact time on the removal of metolachlor by Ammonium Chloride-induced activated carbon (NAC) and standard activated carbon (SAC) were studied.Results: Over 92.4% of 50 mg/L metolachlor was adsorbed using 0.3 g NAC/L within 5 min, and by increasing the reaction time to 60 min the removal efficiency reached to 100%. Under similar experimental conditions, standard activated carbon (SAC) could only adsorb 20% of metolachlor within 5 min and increase of contact time to 40 min caused the improvement of metolachlor adsorption onto SAC to 48%. The adsorption onto SAC was not influenced by the contact time ov

This study was aimed to evaluate the degradation and mineralization of amoxicillin(AMX), using VUV advanced process. The effect of pH, AMX initial concentration, presence of water ingredients, the effect of HRT, and mineralization level by VUV process were taken into consideration. In order to make a direct comparison, the test was also performed by UVC radiation. The results show that the degradation of AMX was following the first-order kinetic. It was found that direct photolysis by UVC was able to degrade 50?mg/L of AMX in 50?min,while it was 3?min for VUV process. It was also found that the removal efficiency by VUV process was directly influenced by pH of the solution, and higher removal rates were achieved at high pH values.The result